Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2026 (vol. 81), Suppl.
Glucose metabolism disorders in children and adolescents with obesity
Lenka Veselá, Zdeněk Šumník, Irena Aldhoon Hainerová
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(88):5-12 
Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with obesity
Irena Aldhoon Hainerová, Pavel Ješina, Michal Vrablík
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(88):13-19
Dyslipidemia represents a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with obesity. Atherosclerotic changes begin in childhood, making early diagnosis and intervention crucial. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is several times higher in children with overweight or obesity compared with those of normal body weight. The etiology of dyslipidemia can be primary, genetically determined-such as familial hypercholesterolemia or combined hyperlipidemias-or secondary, associated with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, or other conditions. In children with obesity, mixed etiology is common,...
Hypertension in children with obesity: a practical guide to diagnosis and treatment
Bohuslav Procházka, Tomáš Seeman
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(88):20-27
The article emphasizes the importance of early recognition of arterial hypertension in children with obesity and highlights the need for targeted therapeutic interventions. Obesity in children, frequently associated with hypertension, is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, with clinical manifestations that may appear as early as the third or fourth decade of life. In combination with other metabolic complications, it may result in substantial organ damage and an unfavourable long-term prognosis. The article also provides practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of hypertension in children and adolescents...
Hyperuricemia in children and adolescents with obesity - a review of current knowledge
Jan Boženský, Eva Havránková, Magdalena Pencová, Pavel Ješina
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(88):28-32
Hyperuricemia is a common, yet often overlooked, metabolic comorbidity of childhood obesity. Although gout is rare in children, chronic elevation of uric acid can have similar systemic consequences as in adults - including the development of arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, and kidney damage. This article summarizes current knowledge about its prevalence, pathophysiology, consequences, diagnosis and treatment in children and adolescents with obesity.
Hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis as complications of childhood obesity
Eliška Hloušková, Jana Šťastná, Petr Jabandžiev
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(88):33-38
The most common gastrointestinal complication of childhood obesity is fatty liver, steatosis or steatohepatitis. Due to the rising prevalence of obesity, steatotic liver disease has become the most common liver disease of childhood. The etiology is complex and not always dependent on obesity of the patient. Consequently, the nomenclature has undergone changes in recent years. Instead of the former term Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it is now recommended to use the term Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). The term Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) has been coined for inflammatory liver disease...
Obstructive sleep apnea in children with obesity
Jana Křenek Malíková, Lucie Kešnerová, Katalin Štěrbová, Alena Tesfayeová, Václav Koucký
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(88):39-46
Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome in girls with obesity
Renata Pilcová
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(88):47-53
Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age and can manifest already during adolescence. PMOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism (clinical and/or biochemical) and ovarian dysfunction. However, in adolescent girls, the diagnosis is often made in the presence of overlap with normal pubertal changes (e.g., menstrual irregularities or acne). Overweight and obesity in girls increase the risk of metabolic complications of PMOS and may worsen its symptoms. If left untreated, especially in the context of obesity, PMOS can lead to fertility issues, metabolic complications of obesity, cardiovascular...