Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2026 (vol. 81), issue 4
Choosing Wisely: Antibiotics in neonates and the duration of their administration
Tomáš Matějek, Veronika Pokorná
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(4):185-189 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/034 
The European Academy of Paediatrics Choosing Wisely recommendations focus on rational antibiotic use in neonates, aiming to reduce overuse and shorten treatment duration. This article critically analyses the evidence supporting two key principles: avoiding antibiotic therapy in asymptomatic term and late preterm neonates without clinical signs of sepsis, and discontinuing empiric antibiotics withi n 36-48 hours in the presence of a negative blood culture and favourable clinical course. Limitations of current diagnostic approaches, including blood culture interpretation, and factors influencing clinical decision-making are discussed. Practical aspects...
Less common infectious exanthematous diseases I.
Štěpánka Čapková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(4):190-192 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/035
The differential diagnosis of childhood exanthems is often highly challenging. In everyday clinical practice, pediatricians encounter not only the classic viral infectious exanthems, but also allergic eruptions associated with drug and food intolerance, urticarial exanthems of both immunologic and non-immunologic origin, and parainfectious exanthematous eruptions accompanying a wide range of common viral infections. Certain types of exanthems are also characteristic of chronic dermatologic disorders (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus). In addition, exanthems may represent a clinical manifestation of systemic diseases, including autoimmune...
Primary assessment of the critically ill child in pediatric practicePediatrické postupy v praxi
Markéta Nowaková, Bořek Trávníček, Jan Pavlíček
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(4):193-198 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/036
Primary assessment of a critically ill child represents a structured approach enabling rapid recognition and immediate management of life-threatening conditions. The article provides an overview of the systematic ABCDE approach based on the recommendations of the European Resuscitation Council which is applicable in both outpatient and hospital pediatric practice. Initial distant assessment allows rapid estimation of severity by evaluating breathing, body color and behavior. This is followed by a structured primary assessment focusing on airway patency, breathing quality, circulatory stability, neurological status and overall examination including...
The impact of screen time on brain development and mental health in the context of current international recommendations
Tomáš Skřont, Jan Uhlíř
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(4):199-204 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/032
This article provides a basic overview of current evidence on the associations between screen time and children's neurodevelopment as well as their cognitive, social, and emotional-behavioral functioning, including impacts on mental health. It also discusses factors that may modify these associations (e.g., the child's age, content type, parenting approaches, sleep, and physical activity). In this context, it presents current international recommendations on children's use of digital technologies, with the aim of opening a discussion on developing Czech guidelines.
Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes in children - a case series
Veronika Slašťanová, Barbora Piteková, Jakub Gécz
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(4):205-208 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/014
Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections continue to pose a clinical challenge in pediatrics due to their high morbidity and mortality. The risk of a severe course of infection is higher in young children, immunocompromised patients, and in children with a concurrent viral respiratory tract infection. In our article, we discuss a series of case reports of pediatric patients with invasive streptococcal infection. Rapid diagnosis, timely initiation of antibiotic therapy, and intensive supportive care play a key role in the management of children with Streptococcus pyogenes infection.
Rare manifestation of Lyme borreliosis - encephalomyelitis in a 14-year-old girl
Jitka Bolchová, Lada Vilkusová, Ivan Peychl
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(4):209-213 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/018
Lyme neuroborreliosis represents one of the most common forms of disseminated Borrelia burgdorferi infection in childhood. Its clinical presentation is heterogeneous and most frequently includes lymphocytic meningitis, cranial neuropathies, or radiculitis, while spinal cord involvement is rare. We present a case report of a 14-year-old girl with a subacute onset of headache, general condition impairment, and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of cervical myelitis. The diagnosis of neuroborreliosis was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis, including demonstration of an intrathecal antibody response and elevated levels of the chemokine CXCL13. Following...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis in children - retrospective analysis
Daniela Kapustová, Tereza Neplechová, Denis Hrivnák, Zuzana Sroková, Karolína Vorčáková, Otília Petrovičová, Miloš Jeseňák
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(4):214-219 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/015
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a relatively recently described and rare condition that predominantly affects children and adolescence. Its true incidence remains unknown, which, together with the variable clinical presentation, significantly complicates diagnosis in clinical practice, not only for pediatricians but also for dermatologists. MIRM typical presents with extensive mucositis with prominent and occasionally vesiculobullous and/or targetoid, cutaneous erruptions. The clinical presentation is characterized by involvement of two or more organ systems, including the ocular, oral, and nasal mucosa, gastrointestinal...
Non-pharmacological methods of pain relief in term newborns: a review article
Kateřina Greplová, Petra Benešová, Jana Chromá, Bohdana Dušová, Martina Bašková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(4):220-226 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/005
Procedural pain in newborns is a serious problem with potentially long-term effects on the psychomotor development and quality of life of the child. Non-pharmacological methods represent a safe and effective way to alleviate painful experiences in full-term newborns. This review summarizes current knowledge about the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of these interventions. Breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact (SSC) have the highest analgesic effect, while also stabilizing physiological parameters and strengthening the relationship between mother and child. Sucrose and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) are also effective, with their combination providing...