Česko-slovenská pediatrie, 2026 (vol. 81), issue 1
Choosing Wisely: An initiative promoting rational and high-value care based on the recommendations of the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP)
Sabina Dzurická, Veronika Pokorná
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(1):13-16 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/001 
Choosing Wisely initiative, launched in 2012, is an international physician-led movement promoting rational, safe, and patient-centred healthcare. Its aim is to reduce the overuse of diagnostic tests, procedures, and treatments that often do not lead to better outcomes and may be burdensome or even harmful. Current data suggest that approximately 20-30% of healthcare provides no real benefit to patients. The call to reconsider certain routine practices has also extended to paediatrics, where this philosophy carries particular importance given the vulnerability of the paediatric population. This article presents the development of the initiative with...
Differential diagnosis of nummular skin lesions in children
Štěpánka Čapková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(1):17-23 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/002
A number of pediatric dermatoses share similar morphology, making differentiation challenging. The author presents four case reports of children with nummular skin lesions and demonstrates that, beyond lesion distribution and configuration, an accurate diagnosis relies on a thorough personal and family history, assessment of disease duration and course, identification of individual triggering factors, and appropriate adjunct laboratory testing.
May generative artificial intelligence impact on adolescent health?
Jan Lebl, Michal Goetz
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(1):24-27 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/003
The advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the digital landscape and becoming one of its defining elements. Adolescents and young adults readily adopt new digital technologies, and generative AI is rapidly becoming an integral part of their daily lives. Evidence from earlier phases of digital technology expansion shows that adolescent users may face increased health risks a ssociated with new behavioral patterns. However, empirical and evidence-based data on the health hazards of generative AI remain limited. This article provides an overview of the first insights and considerations regarding the potential influence of generative...
Self-harm and suicidal behavior in adolescence
Jiří Koutek, Jana Kocourková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(1):28-32 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2025/055
Self-harm and suicidal behavior fall within the spectrum of autoaggressive behavior, which is especially common during adolescence. Self-harm itself is not intended to lead to death, but it is a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. It involves conscious, deliberate, repetitive self-injury without clear suicidal motivation. The most common forms of self-harm include cutting the skin (on the wrists, forearms, backs of hands), scratching , and carving symbols into the skin. Overdosing on medication, which is repetitive and without obvious suicidal intent, is often included in the category of self-harm. The occurrence of self-harm is particularly...
Child or adolescent abuse and neglect
Ivan Peychl, Eliška Popelová, Helena Neumannová, Terezie Pemová, Jana Kocourková
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(1):33-42 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2026/004
Physical, sexual, psychological, emotional abuse, and neglect of a child can have serious consequences - both immediate, including fatal outcomes, and long-term or lifelong effects. Perpetrators are most often parents or other family members. Physical abuse may be identified by various external injuries, fractures, and damage to soft tissues or internal organs. A specific and severe form is abusive head trauma in infants and young children, where violent shaking may cause subdural hemorrhage and brain injury. Sexual abuse can sometimes present with physical signs of past violence, though more often the physical findings are normal. In such cases, changes...
Case report of a patient with Prader-Willi-like syndrome with 6q16.1-16.3 microdeletion
Jarmila Vojtková, Alena Szökeová, Anna Ďurdíková, Terézia Kráľová, Adam Markocsy, Dominika Dvorská, Peter Ďurdík, Miloš Jeseňák
Čes-slov Pediat 2026, 81(1):43-47 | DOI: 10.55095/CSPediatrie2025/053
Prader-Willi-like syndrome includes a genetically heterogeneous group of syndromes with a phenotype partially similar to patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. These include hypotonia, delayed psychomotor development, some endocrinopathies or diseases of other organ systems. The authors present a case report of a girl diagnosed with a 6q16.1-16.3 microdeletion, which belongs to the Prader-Willi-like syndrome group. The clinical picture was dominated by global hypotonic syndrome, psychomotor retardation and, from the age of 18 months, a gradual increase in body weight relative to the current body height. At the age of 4 years, her body height was 94.9...